Physical science module 5 | Science homework help

 

Module: 5- A: Chapter Questions:

Read the chapter and answer these questions on your own

 

 

Chapter – 15. Temperature & Heat:

 

1)    What is the difference between Temperature and Heat?

 

2)    What is Specific Heat Capacity?

 

3)    Why are there spaces between railroad tracks? Why the railroad track is not continuous as one piece miles after miles?

 

4)    Why water is denser than Ice?

 

5)    Why the volume of liquid water decreases as the temperature is increased from 0 degree-C to 4 degree-C? Does the volume of water increase or decrease after 4 degree C?

 

Chapter – 16. Heat Transfer:

 

1)    What are the differences among the Conduction, Convection, and Radiation?

 

2)    Comment on the statement that the peak frequency of radiant energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the emitter.

 

3)    What are the differences among the Emission, Absorption, and Reflection of Radiant Energy?

 

4)    Define Newton’s Law of Cooling.

 

5)    What is Greenhouse Effect?

 

 

Chapter – 17. Change of Phase:

 

1)    What is the difference between Evaporation and Condensation?

 

 

2)    Why boiling is called a cooling process?

 

3)    What is the difference between Melting and Freezing?

 

 

4)    What is Latent Heat?

 

 

5)    What happens to the Heat and Temperature during a Phase Change? (For example: Solid to Liquid, Liquid to Gas, or Solid to Gas directly).

 

Chapter – 18. Thermodynamics:

 

1)    What is absolute zero temperature?

 

2)    What is the First law of Thermodynamics? Give some examples from the Meteorology.

 

3)    What is Adiabatic Process?

 

 

4)    What is Second law of Thermodynamics? Give some examples.

 

 

5)    Explain Entropy

 

Chapter – 19. Vibrations & Waves:

 

1)    What is Frequency, Wavelength, Period and Speed of a wave?

 

2)    What is the difference between Transverse wave and Longitudinal wave?

 

 

3)    Explain Interference of Waves. What is the difference between Constructive Interference, and Destructive Interference?

 

4)    Interpret Standing wave.

 

5)    Explain Doppler Effect.

6)    What is the difference between Bow Waves, and Shock Waves? Define Supersonic and Sonic Boom.

 

 

Chapter – 20. Sound:

 

1)      What is Compression and Rarefaction of Sound wave?

 

2)    What is the Speed of Sound in air?

 

3)    What is Reflection and Refraction of Sound? Give an example.

 

 

4)    What is Resonance?

 

5)    Explain Interference of Sound waves.

 

6)    Explain Beats

 

Chapter – 21. Musical Sounds:

 

1)    What is the Pitch of a sound wave?

 

2)    Explain Sound Intensity and Loudness.

 

3)    Name some musical instruments.

 

4)    What is Fourier Analysis? Give some examples.

 

5)    What do you know about CD and DVD. How are those made and how do those work?

Module: 5- B: Chapter Exercises:

Exercise questions are at the end of each chapter. Answer these in details

 

Chapters/ Topics                    Exercise#

 

15. Temperature & Heat                 1, 10, 23, 33, 56

 

1.     In a meeting room, there are chairs, a table, and people. Which of these things has a temperature ( a) lower than, ( b) greater than, or ( c) equal to the temperature of the air?

 

 

10. If you drop a hot rock into a pail of water, the temperature of the rock and the water will change until both are equal. The rock will cool and the water will warm. Does this hold true if the hot rock is dropped into the Atlantic Ocean? Explain.

 

23. In times past, on a cold winter night, it was common to bring a hot object to bed with you. Which would keep you warmer through the cold night— a 10- kg iron brick or a 10- kg jug of hot water at the same temperature? Explain.

 

33. After you have driven a car for some distance, why does the air pressure in the tires increase?

56. How does the combined volume of the billions and billions of hexagonal open spaces in the structures of ice crystals in a piece of ice compare with the portion of ice that floats above the waterline?

 

 

16. Heat Transfer                            1, 19, 33, 46, 56 58

 

1. On a cold day, why does a metal doorknob feel colder than the wooden door?

 

 

19. Why is it incorrect to say that, when a hot object warms a cold one, the increase in temperature of the cold one is equal to the decrease in temperature of the hot one? When is this statement correct?

 

33. Air density is normally less above any point in air than below, providing a “ migration window” in air. How does this affect the movement of faster- moving molecules in air?

 

46. When there is morning frost on the grass in an open park, why is frost unlikely to be found on the ground directly beneath park benches?

 

56. Make up a multiple- choice question that would test a classmate’s understanding of the distinction between conduction and convection. Make another in which the term radiation is the correct answer.

 

17. Change of Phase              1, 12, 24, 42, 57

 

1. Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at the same temperature. Which produces more cooling— alcohol or the same amount of water on your skin?

 

12. Porous canvas bags filled with water are used by travelers in hot weather. When the bags are slung on the outside of a fast- moving car, the water inside is cooled considerably. Explain.

 

 

 

24. When can you withdraw heat from something without lowering its temperature?

 

42. Why is very cold ice “sticky”?

 

57. Why will spraying fruit trees with water before a frost help to protect the fruit from freezing?

 

18. Thermodynamics             1, 10, 26, 35, 48, 50

 

1. A friend said the temperature inside a particular oven is 500 and the temperature inside a particular star is 50,000. You’re unsure whether your friend meant Celsius degrees or kelvins. How much difference does it make in each case?

 

10. When you blow up a balloon, do you slightly warm the balloon? When air is allowed to rush out of it, how, if at all, does the temperature of that expanding air change?

 

26. Could you warm a kitchen by leaving the door of a hot oven open? Explain.

 

35. Molecules in the combustion chamber of a rocket engine are in a high state of random motion. When the molecules are expelled through a nozzle in a more ordered state, will their temperature be more, less, or the same as their initial temperature in the chamber before being exhausted?

48. ( a) If you spent 10 minutes repeatedly shaking and throwing down a pair of coins, would you expect to see two heads come up at least once? ( b) If you spent an hour shaking a handful of 10 coins and throwing them down, would you expect to see all 10 come up heads at least once? ( c) If you stirred a box of 10,000 coins and tossed them repeatedly on the floor all day long, would you expect to see all 10,000 appear as heads at least once?

 

19. Vibrations & Waves                  1, 11, 21, 31, 39

 

1. Does the period of a pendulum depend on the mass of the bob? On the length of the string?

 

11. If the speed of a wave doubles while the wavelength remains the same, what happens to the frequency?

 

21. Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light. Which has the greater frequency?

 

31. Why is lightning seen before thunder is heard?

 

39. How does the Doppler effect aid police in detecting speeding motorists?

 

20. Sound                               2, 7, 27, 33, 49

 

2. If the Moon blew up, why would we not hear it?

 

7. What does it mean to say that a radio station is “ at 101.1 on your FM dial”?

 

27. If the distance from a bugle is tripled, by what factor does the sound intensity decrease? Assume that no reflections affect the sound.

 

33. Why is it a sensible procedure for soldiers to break step when marching over a bridge?

 

49. A piano tuner using a 264- Hz tuning fork hears 4 beats per second. What are two possible frequencies of vibration of the piano wire?

 

 

21. Musical Sounds                2, 11, 18, 31, 45, 46

 

2. As the pitch of sound increases, what happens to the frequency?

 

11. The strings on a harp are of different lengths and produce different notes. How are different notes produced on a guitar, where all strings have the same length?

 

18. Would a plucked guitar string vibrate for a longer time or a shorter time if the instrument had no sounding board? Why?

 

 

31. Why does your voice sound fuller in the shower?

 

45. Make up a multiple- choice question that distinguishes between any of the terms listed in the Summary of Terms.